Category Knowledge & Articles

For centuries, Chinese dragons have twisted through clouds, waves and imperial robes in pursuit of a luminous object usually called the flaming pearl. Modern explanations often identify it simply as a symbol of wisdom, but historical scholarship reveals a more complex story involving rain, cosmic imagery, imperial authority and evolving artistic traditions. Discover the difference between this mysterious symbolic jewel and real natural pearls, how the motif developed from the Tang period onward, and why one of Chinese art’s most familiar “gemstones” remains surprisingly difficult to interpret.

From the lapis lazuli mines of Afghanistan to the jade-producing regions of Central Asia and the garnet workshops of early medieval Europe, precious minerals travelled extraordinary distances. Explore how the ancient Silk Roads connected gemstone sources, merchants, artisans and civilisations—and how modern science helps reconstruct these remarkable journeys.

In the historic Kingdom of Benin, red coral was far more than a beautiful ornamental material. Imported through maritime trade, coral beads became powerful symbols of royal authority, sacred legitimacy and the spiritual relationship between the Oba and Olokun, the deity associated with the waters. Elaborate coral crowns, necklaces and ceremonial garments expressed a sophisticated system of political and religious symbolism. Explore the history, gemmology and cultural significance of these remarkable objects, including the traditions that continue to connect coral with Edo identity.